The Athens School of Fine Arts was founded in 1837. A short while after its foundation, a Gallery (a collection of works) began to be formed, which housed works of art related to the artistic production of those involved in the processes of art education provided by the School. Nowadays it contains about 5,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, icons, and mosaics, a rich harvest from 165 years of history.

The works that make up the collection of the Gallery are characteristic examples of the artistic activities in which both Studio Professors and students engaged, while several works that were donated to the Athens School of Fine Arts are also included. From this respect, the Gallery of the Athens School of Fine Arts is a living token of its history and, consequently, of a very significant part of Modern Greek art. Hence, the Athens School of Fine Arts possesses and manages a sizable collection of great cultural value.